It is now necessary to have an armoury of complementary investigative tools to crack the hardest cases. These guarantee that the most sophisticated crimes are uncovered, the perpetrators are revealed and case winning evidence is assured.
This can involve the following methods:
Genetic fingerprinting (or DNA typing) uses a specimen from one individual. This is obtained through bodily secretions, hair, blood, semen, tissue gained from razors, etc. or buccal swab.
This will identify the unique characteristics of that person from all other humans. This can then be compared against matching or referenced profiles to prove undisputed links.
This is generally used where the identity of an offender is unknown. It analyses an individual's written and spoken language to determine sociolinguistic language variability and the specific psychological process of the speaker or author.
Both of these may underpin the individual's behaviour.
It includes assessment of geographical origin/race, probable age, gender (as men and women have differing language patterns), ethnicity, first and other spoken languages that demonstrate remnants of their native tongue, education level, occupation (specific industry terminology or jargon may be in evidence) and religious orientation.
It can help assess the level of threat, motivations, personality type, and the likelihood of a threat maker carrying out the act. They can also compare authorship with other calls, emails or documents, determine whether an anonymous or as yet unidentified suspect possesses select knowledge that directly connects him or her to an organisation or event, and determine the legitimacy of allegations, statements or claims.
Criminal profiling is a fusion of psychology & behavioural sciences and CSI.
It brings together key aspects of a crime event or threat. As such it forms an indirect assessment of the likely motivation and personality of the offender, in order to lead to their apprehension and conviction.
Criminal profilers develop an appreciation as to why individuals have acted in a certain manner. By inferring their personality characteristics, clues can be identified and the future actions of an offender predicted.
The offender will unknowingly leave a 'signature' or symbolic reference that goes beyond what is necessary in committing the crime. This may demonstrate a unique psychopathology and consistency in behaviour that can be traced and used as a predictor of future actions.
Early reconstruction of a crime scene before vital evidence deteriorates or is lost can make all the difference between establishing a winning case or losing a vital edge.
We can bring together the best forensic experts, using a wide range of techniques to reconstruct the event:
These will prove or discredit other theories or claims.
Through the use of tools such as text analysis, it is possible to review written text, records of interview and conversation transcripts or recordings to determine a high or low probability of deception.
Evasive verbal responses can be easily detected in someone's use of grammar, syntax and semantics, and these can indicate guilty knowledge or self denial.
By examining how the individual is using language to communicate, it is possible to identify each individual lie or evasive omissions.
Thanks to the internet, there are now significant productivity gains made by businesses going online. However, the array of computer and communication devices now available also offers many opportunities to carry out activities that need to be detected.
Learn more about Computer Forensics
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